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Terry Hrubec, D.V.M., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor/ Research Associate, Department of Anatomy
Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine
2265 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060
Tele: 540-231-1702
Fax: 540-231-5252
Email:thrubec@vcom.vt.edu |
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Discipline: |
Anatomy |
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Education: |
| 1981 |
George Washington University |
B.S., Zoology |
| 1982 |
George Washington University |
B.A., Fine Arts |
| 1985 |
George Washington University |
M.S. |
| 1991 |
Virginia- Maryland Regional College of Veternary Medicine |
DVM |
| 1994 |
Virginia Tech |
Ph.D. |
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Current Research Interests: |
The purpose of my research is to determine how environmental toxicants change the cellular events during gestation and lead to developmental birth defects. Our research has shown that maternal immune stimulation during gestation reduces both the severity and number of birth defects caused by a wide range of compounds. I wish to determine the cellular and molecular changes responsible for the defects and how maternal immune stimulation normalizes the cellular events to prevent developmental abnormalities. Specifically I am looking at gene expression of cytokines and regulators of cell cycling and apoptosis in two separate mouse models: valproic acid induced neural tube defects, and maternal diabetes induced craniofacial defects. Additionally I am working on a project to determine whether maternal immune stimulation can reduce the incidence or severity of congenitally acquired toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes stillbirths and birth defects (including hydrocephalus, blindness, and neurological, behavioral, and learning disorders) if infection occurs during pregnancy. It is estimated that 85% of US women of childbearing age are at risk for toxoplasmosis. This study investigates whether maternal immune stimulation reduces congenital transmission of the parasite, the associated birth defects or parasite related fetal mortality in mice. |
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Journal Publications: |
Gutierrez, J.C., T.C. Hrubec, M.R. Prater, B.J. Smith L.E. Freeman, S.D. Holladay, 2006. Aortic and Ventricular Dilation and Myocardial Reduction in Gestation Day 17 ICR Mouse Fetuses of Diabetic Mothers. Submitted to Birth Defects Research B. |
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Hrubec, T.C., K. Punareewattana, M. R.Prater, S.D. Holladay 2006. Reduction Of Teratogen Induced Birth Defects In Mice: Role Of Maternal Immune Stimulation, Invited Review: Current Topics in Toxicology. In Press. |
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Hrubec, T.C., M. Yan, K. Ye, C.M. Salafia, S.D. Holladay, 2006. Valproic Acid Induced Fetal Malformations Are Reduced by Maternal Immune Stimulation With Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor or Interferon g. In Press, The Anatomical Record Part A. |
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Knowles, S., T.C. Hrubec, S.A. Smith 2006. Hematology and Plasma Chemistry reference Intervals For Cultured Shortnose Sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum). In Press, Veterinary Clinical Pathology. |
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Hrubec, T.C., M. R. Prater, K. A. Toops, S.D. Holladay 2006. Reduction In Diabetes Induced Craniofacial Defects By Maternal Immune Stimulation. Birth Defects Research Part B Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology 77:1-9. |
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Hrubec, T.C., S.A. Smith 2004. Hematology and blood chemistry reference intervals for yellow perch, (Perca flavescens) raised in recirculation systems. International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture 5:29-42. |
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Hrubec, T.C., D. Ward, S.A. Smith, and J.L. Robertson 2004. Age related changes in the humoral immune response of hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops X Morone saxatilis to a Vibrio vaccine. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 101:103-108. |
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Hrubec, T.C., J. Whichard, C. Larson, W. Pierson, 2002. Plasma vs. serum: specific differences in biochemical analytes of chickens. Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 16(2):101-105. |
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Holladay S.D., L.V. Sharova, K. Punareewattana, T.C. Hrubec, R.M. Gogal Jr., R.M. Prater, A.A Sharov 2002. Maternal Immune Stimulation in Mice Decreases Fetal Malformations Caused by Teratogens. International Immunopharmacology 2:325-332. |
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Dye, V.A., T.C. Hrubec, J.L. Dunn, and S.A. Smith 2001. Hematology and serum chemistry values for winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) maintained in recirculating systems. International Journal of Recirculating Aquaculture, 2:37-50. |
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Hrubec, T.C., S.A. Smith, and J.L. Robertson 2001. Age related differences in hematologic and plasma chemistry analytes of hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops X Morone saxatilis. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 30:8-15. |
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Book Chapters: |
Hrubec, T.C. 2006. Molecular And Protein Signals That Regulate Normal Development And Prevent Birth Defects. In Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine's Research Report. In Press. |
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Hrubec. T.C., B.L. Blaylock and S.D. Holladay 2004. Developmental immunotoxicity of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In. Textbook of Developmental Immunotoxicology. Ed. SD Holladay, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. |
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Hrubec, T.C., and S.D. Holladay 2004. Mycotoxins and other miscellaneous developmental immunotoxicants. In. Textbook of Developmental Immunotoxicology. Ed. SD Holladay, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. |
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Conference Papers: |
Hrubec, T.C., K.A. Toops, S.D. Holladay, 2006. Diabetes induced changes in palate dimension but not orofacial clefts are improved with maternal immune stimulation. Presented at the 3rd Annual Via Research Recognition Day, Oct. 5th 2005, Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA. |
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Toops, K.A., T.C. Hrubec, S.D. Holladay, 2006. Orofacial Clefts Induced by Diabetes Are Not Affected by Maternal Immune Stimulation. Teratology Society 46th Annual Meeting 2006. June 25-30: Tucson, AZ. Birth Defects Research Part A. 73:310. |
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Hrubec, T.C., K.A. Toops, M. Yan, K. Ye, S.D. Holladay, 2005. Maternal Immune Stimulation Reduces Valproic Acid Induced Neural Tube Defects. Presented at the 2nd Annual Via Research Recognition Day, Oct. 5th 2005, Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, VA. |
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Hrubec, T.C., K.A. Toops, M. Yan, K. Ye, S.D. Holladay, 2005. Maternal Immune Stimulation Reduces Valproic Acid Induced Neural Tube Defects. Teratology Society 45th Annual Meeting 2005. June 25-30: St. Pete Beach, FL. Birth Defects Research Part A. 73:310. |
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Hrubec, T.C., M.R. Prater, E.D. Strahl, S.D. Holladay, 2004. Diabetes Induced Craniofacial Defects Are Reduced By Maternal Immune Stimulation. Teratology Society 44th Annual Meeting 2004. June 26-July 1: Vancouver, BC Canada. Birth Defects Research Part A. 70:294. |
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Hrubec, T.C., S.D. Holladay 2004. Maternal immune stimulation affects diabetes induced craniofacial defects. Abstract Number 8953. Procedings: Experimental Biology 2004. April 17-21: Washington DC. The FASEB Journal 18(4) A 31. |
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Hrubec, T.C., S.A. Smith 2003. Toxicity of nitrate and nitrite to tilapia fish. Abstract Number: 7342. Procedings: Experimental Biology 2003. April 11-15: San Diego, CA. The FASEB Journal 17(5)A 866.6. |
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Current Academic and Clinical Service: |
Research Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine |
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Professional and Community Activities: |
The Teratology Society, 2003-present |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1984-present |
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American Association of Anatomists, 2003-present |
